Exhausts and mufflers - how they work with your engine

By Terry Leonard


A motorcycle's exhaust is a set of tubes that is attached to the internal combustion engine. When gasoline is burnt, waste gases are made. The exhaust system releases these gases from the engine and out into the environment.

Exhaust systems come in various sizes with different fixtures for the motorbike or car marques available. Unlike the car market, motorbike exhausts tend to fit more models. A BMW performance exhaust has different mounting positions than a Ford truck exhaust, and the same logic applies, e.g., across Ford Escape parts versus other Ford or Holden parts. However, you may find that a muffler for a Ducati also fits a Yamaha with just a change of bracket.

The exhaust manifold and the exhaust pipes are the two main parts of a bike's exhaust system. The gases also pass through the catalytic converter and muffler before reaching the exhaust pipes. The manifold is the first part of the system and it collects the gases from the multiple cylinders present in the engine. The gases then flow into a single pipe, ready to pass through the catalytic converter.

The manifold is mostly light-weighted, however, when it is designed to focus more on enhancing the optimal flow of the waste gases by cautiously calculating the pipe lengths, it is known as a header.

Once they flow into a single pipe, they move into the catalytic converter. The purpose of the cat converter is to make the emissions safer for the environment. Combustion tends to release various harmful gases. These include nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide.

When these harmful toxins pass through the cat converter, they are converted into less harmful ones before being released into the atmosphere. This simple device also makes sure that there is no smell of gasoline when the gases are released. Most racing cars do not have a catalytic converter, and have a less restrictive muffler. This makes them louder and generally allows the engine to liberate more power.

The cat back part of the exhaust system starts at the end of the catalytic converter and goes on till the final pipe. The pipe that connects the cat converter to the muffler is also included in this portion. In a racing car there is usually a straight pipe in place of the catalytic converter. Some fuels used in racing, such as Avgas (aviation fuel) contain lead which affects the converter's ability to operate. A muffler may be used to restrict noise to acceptable levels (for example 85dB, but if that's not required then having no muffler allows the engine to breathe more freely.

The basic purpose of the muffler is to reduce sounds by reflecting sound waves that the engine produces. It is a set of tubes with holes which reduces the intensity of sound by adding two or more sound waves together.

The sound waves and exhaust gases will enter through one of the many tubes in the muffler. It then passes through what is called a resonator. By producing a wave, this chamber cancels out a certain frequency of sound.

The last part is the exhaust pipe, that is, the part that releases the burnt gases into the atmosphere. The pipes are designed to carry the harmful burnt gases away from the motorbike and can be made of metal or aluminium.

Often, the exhaust pipe has a chromed tip. Here, the pipe will be of a larger size than the rest of the exhaust system. This will further reduce the pressure and stop the edges from rusting. This kind of aftermarket exhaust part may also help in enhancing the look of the motorcycle.




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